{"id":947,"date":"2023-06-22T14:00:40","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T06:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tsap.org.tw\/?p=947"},"modified":"2024-09-11T14:07:43","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T06:07:43","slug":"%e5%8b%87%e6%b0%a3%e8%8a%b1%e5%9c%92%e5%ad%a3%e5%88%8a%e7%ac%ac2%e6%9c%9f-%e9%98%bf%e5%be%b7%e5%8b%92%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%e8%be%ad%e5%85%b8%e3%80%90%e5%80%8b%e9%ab%94%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tsap.org.tw\/?p=947","title":{"rendered":"\u52c7\u6c23\u82b1\u5712\u5b63\u520a\u7b2c2\u671f–\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8fad\u5178\u3010\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3011"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8fad\u5178<\/em><\/h3>

\u3010\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3011<\/em><\/h3>

\u7de8\u8f2f\u6574\u7406\uff1a\u9b91\u9806\u8070<\/em><\/h5>


\u300c\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u300d\uff08Individual Psychology\uff09\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u300d(Adlerian Psychology)\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5967\u5730\u5229\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\uff08Alfred Adler\uff0c1870-1937\uff09\u65bc1911\u5e74\u6240\u5275\u7acb\u3002\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u88ab\u9078\u64c7\u70ba\u5176\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>

\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u5176\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u65bc1914\u5e74\u5275\u7acb\u570b\u969b\u6027\u671f\u520a\u300aInternational Journal for Individual Psychology<\/em>\u300b (Zeitschrift f\u03cbr Individualpsychologie<\/em>) \u3002\u4e3b\u7de8 Carl Furtm\u03cbler\u5728\u5275\u520a\u865f\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053(Hoffman\uff0c1994)\uff1a<\/p>

\u300c\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65e8\u5728\u8868\u9054\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u5916\u5728\u8868\u73fe\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u500b\u9ad4\u6240\u8655\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6d1e\u5bdf\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u59cb\u65bc\u500b\u9ad4\u3002\u300d<\/p>

The name of Individual Psychology intends to express the conviction that psychological processes and their manifestations can be understood only from the individual context and that all psychological insight begins with the individual.<\/p>

\u300c\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7136\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u60f3\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u62bd\u96e2\u5176\u80cc\u666f\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u500b\u6848\u7372\u81f4\u5b8c\u6574\u5468\u5ef6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u59a8\u7919\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8868\u9054\u7f6e\u65bc\u5176\u9069\u7576\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u500b\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u554f\uff1a\u300e\u5f9e\u54ea\u88e1\u4f86\uff1f\u300f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u554f\u300e\u5f80\u54ea\u88e1\u53bb\uff1f\u300f\u4eba\u683c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u5c55\u73fe\u5176\u5168\u8c8c\u7d66\u63a2\u554f\u8005\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8feb\u904b\u7528\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u985e\u578b\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u5805\u4fe1\u4e0d\u61c9\u81ea\u56ff\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u500b\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u638c\u63e1\u7d71\u5fa1\u4eba\u985e\u5167\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u300d<\/p>

We certainly know that a thorough understanding of an isolated individual case is impossible. But this must not deter us from viewing the expressions of a personality in their appropriate historical context. In each case, we must ask…’Whence?’ and , most importantly, ‘Whither?” Personality is not revealed in its totality to the questioner; we are pressed to work more and more with personality-models. Precisely because of this situation, we are insured against being stuck in the study of the isolated case, and can progress to generalize laws of behavior governing human inner life.<\/p>

\u7d9c\u5408\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u547d\u540d\u5f37\u8abf\u500b\u9ad4(1)\u3001\u500b\u4eba(2)\u3001\u500b\u6211(3)\u3001\u500b\u6027(4)\u7b49\u56db\u500b\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u9ad4\u6027(1a)\u3001\u7368\u7279\u6027(1b)\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6027(2a)\u3001\u8108\u7d61\u6027(2b)\u3001\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027(3a)\u3001\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027(3b)\u3001\u7d71\u5408\u6027(4a)\u3001\u5275\u9020\u6027(4b)\u7b49\u516b\u500b\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5206\u8ff0\u4e4b\uff1a<\/p>

\u4e00\u3001\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\uff081a\uff09\uff1a\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u6a5f\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u5176\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u5916\u986f\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5272\u88c2\u800c\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5916\u986f\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u5167\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u806f\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u3002<\/p>

\u4e8c\u3001\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff081b\uff09\uff1a\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7368\u7279\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8ffd\u6c42\u5176\u512a\u8d8a\u611f\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u62bd\u8c61\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u985e\u985e\u578b\u6240\u6982\u62ec\u3002<\/p>

\u4e09\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6027\uff082a\uff09\uff1a\u500b\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u812b\u96e2\u793e\u6703\u8108\u7d61\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u4eba\u969b\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u793e\u6703\u74b0\u5883\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5176\u7368\u7279\u6027\u683c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8108\u7d61\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e7c\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6c23\u6c1b\u8207\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>

\u56db\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u6027\uff082b\uff09\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u5230\u5176\u6210\u9577\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u6240\u8655\u7684\u793e\u6703\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u8207\u8868\u9054\u7684\u3002<\/p>

\u4e94\u3001\u500b\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff083a\uff09\uff1a\u4e3b\u5f35\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4e3b\u52d5\u6539\u8b8a\u548c\u5851\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>

\u516d\u3001\u500b\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\uff083b\uff09\uff1a\u91cd\u8996\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u5176\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u77e5\u89ba\u8207\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u53d7\u5176\u4e3b\u89c0\u611f\u53d7\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u8a55\u4f30\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>

\u4e03\u3001\u500b\u6027\u7684\u7d71\u5408\u6027\uff084a\uff09\uff1a\u61c9\u7a7f\u900f\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u9054\u6216\u75c7\u72c0\u7684\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u767c\u6398\u6027\u683c\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8207\u7d71\u5408\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8eab\u8207\u5fc3\u7684\u7d71\u5408\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u6f5b\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u60c5\u610f\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7d71\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u5167\u5916\u5728\u6b77\u7a0b\u7684\u7d71\u5408\u3002<\/p>

\u516b\u3001\u500b\u6027\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6027\uff084b\uff09\uff1a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u547d\u904b\u7684\u65e2\u975e\u907a\u50b3\u4e5f\u975e\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7368\u5177\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u767c\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6f5b\u80fd\u3001\u5be6\u73fe\u751f\u6d3b\u76ee\u6a19\u548c\u5275\u9020\u7368\u7279\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u514b\u670d\u81ea\u5351\u611f\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u512a\u8d8a\u611f\u3002<\/p>

\u6b32\u6df1\u5165\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u535a\u5927\u7cbe\u6df1\u4e4b\u601d\u60f3\u5802\u5967\u8005\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u7814\u8b80Ansbacher\u8207Ansbacher\u592b\u5a66\u6240\u7de8\u7e82\u8a3b\u89e3\u7684\u300a\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78<\/a>\u300b(The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler)\u3001\u300a\u512a\u8d8a\u611f\u8207\u793e\u6703\u60c5\u61f7\u300b(Superiority and Social Interest)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u5317\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u8a13\u7df4\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a>Henry T. Stein\u6240\u7de8\u8b6f\u7684\u300a\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u81e8\u5e8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5168\u96c6<\/a>\u300b(The Collected Clinical Works of Alfred Adler)\u517112\u518a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u5f9e\u500b\u9ad4\u5230\u7fa4\u9ad4<\/a>\u300b(Theory and Practice: A Socratic Approach to Democratic Living)\u7b49\u8ad6\u8457\u3002<\/p>

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b
\u66fe\u7aef\u771f\uff082021\uff09\u3002\u89e3\u5bc6\u81ea\u5351\u60c5\u7d50\uff1a\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\u5b78\u6d3e\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\u6b77\u7a0b\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u81fa\u5317\uff1a\u5f35\u8001\u5e2b\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). individual psychology. In\u00a0APA dictionary of psychology<\/em>. Retrieved May 31, 2023, from\u00a0https:\/\/dictionary.apa.org\/individual-psychology<\/a><\/span><\/p>

Ansbacher, H. L., & Ansbacher, R. R. (Eds.). (1964).\u00a0The individual psychology of Alfred Adler: A Systematic Presentation in Selections from His Writings<\/em>. Basic Books, Inc.<\/span><\/p>

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2017, April 13). Individual Psychology.\u00a0Encyclopedia Britannica<\/em>.\u00a0https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/individual-psychology<\/a><\/span><\/p>

Hoffman, E. (1994).\u00a0The drive for self: Alfred Adler and the founding of individual psychology<\/em>. Da Capo Press.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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